Macro photography - Tools and techniques
In your quest to learn digital photography it's certain you'll come across the terms Macro Photography. What is the definition of Macro photography? It's also referred to as Closeup or Micro photography. Just depends which manufacturer's promo material you're reading.
In simple terms, it's all about the camera's ability to focus close to an object. Most Point & Shoot cameras will focus to 2-3 feet. By switching to Macro mode you can focus down to a few inches. The Nikon Coolpix series of cameras have some of the closest focusing abilities; as close as .7 inches on some models.
Camera settings and usage tips
Most every P&S has a Macro function. It's the Flower icon. Macro mode is usually at the widest setting of the zoom. Improve your results by using the pre-focus technique (press the shutter button down halfway and hold) and don't move forward or back. Watch the focus indicator on your LCD to ensure you are focusing exactly where you want to. Use a tripod and/or the self-timer if at all possible in order to get great quality images. Turn off the flash or cover it with a layer or two of tissue to tone it down. (Your Mom told you to carry some Kleenex with you. Now you know why.)
Macro with a Digital SLR
The Flower macro icon on the exposure dial of your DSLR is only changing your shutter speed / aperture combination. It will not allow you to focus close. Only your lens will determine how close you can focus. Many zoom lenses have a macro or close focus capability. It may only allow you to fill the frame with flowers or larger insects.
A dedicated Macro lens will permit you to photograph coins, jewelry, and other very small objects. Macro lenses are available in focal lengths or 50/60mm, 100/105mm and 180/200mm. Each of these affords you different working distances. Working distance is the space between the front of the lens and your subject.
Longer focal length lenses allow greater working distances. When photographing a wasp would you rather be 1-2 inches away using a 50mm Macro or 10-12 inches away using a 200mm Macro lens? Choose the right tool for what you photograph. Many people opt for the 100-105mm lenses since it gives you a reasonable working distance and won't totally break the bank. Besides, it makes for a great portrait lens.
Lighting for macro
Although using natural light is what most of us would first use there are other options. Using additional lighting gives you more control over shadows, allows for smaller apertures and greater depth of field and let's you shoot any time of the day or night. Some options for additional lighting are:
- The Light Tents that are so commonly used for selling eBay items. Consistent, soft light and changeable backgrounds allow a lot of flexibility.
- Off camera flash attached by a cord (to maintain communication between the camera and flash). Allows positioning the light left, right, top or bottom of your subject.
- Wireless flash systems. Again allows positioning the flash anywhere, but no cords get in the way. Check to see if your camera/flash combo supports this technology.
- Ring lights. Basically, a round flash that connects to the end of your lens. Gets the light right up next to your subject. Virtually shadow less.
Choose the proper tool for the job based on how much macro you do. You'll get the absolute best quality images from a dedicated Macro lens on a Digital SLR. DSLR's also have more capabilities in their flash systems.
